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  • @etraces
    etraces @etraces 28/06/2020

    The business of building walls

    Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Europe is once again known for its border walls. This time Europe is divided not so much by ideology as by perceived fear of refugees and migrants, some of the world’s most vulnerable people.

    https://i.imgur.com/b8FDo6k.png
    https://i.imgur.com/2Bpog4L.png

    Who killed the dream of a more open Europe? What gave rise to this new era of walls? There are clearly many reasons – the increasing displacement of people by conflict, repression and impoverishment, the rise of security politics in the wake of 9/11, the economic and social insecurity felt across Europe after the 2008 financial crisis – to name a few. But one group has by far the most to gain from the rise of new walls – the businesses that build them. Their influence in shaping a world of walls needs much deeper examination.

    This report explores the business of building walls, which has both fuelled and benefited from a massive expansion of public spending on border security by the European Union (EU) and its member states. Some of the corporate beneficiaries are also global players, tapping into a global market for border security estimated to be worth approximately €17.5 billion in 2018, with annual growth of at least 8% expected in coming years.

    ▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAuv1QyP8l0&feature=emb_logo

    It is important to look both beyond and behind Europe’s walls and fencing, because the real barriers to contemporary migration are not so much the fencing, but the vast array of technology that underpins it, from the radar systems to the drones to the surveillance cameras to the biometric fingerprinting systems. Similarly, some of Europe’s most dangerous walls are not even physical or on land. The ships, aircrafts and drones used to patrol the Mediterranean have created a maritime wall and a graveyard for the thousands of migrants and refugees who have no legal passage to safety or to exercise their right to seek asylum.

    This renders meaningless the European Commission’s publicized statements that it does not fund walls and fences. Commission spokesperson Alexander Winterstein, for example, rejecting Hungary’s request to reimburse half the costs of the fences built on its borders with Croatia and Serbia, said: ‘We do support border management measures at external borders. These can be surveillance measures. They can be border control equipment...But fences, we do not finance’. In other words, the Commission is willing to pay for anything that fortifies a border as long as it is not seen to be building the walls themselves.

    This report is a sequel to Building Walls – Fear and securitization in the European Union, co-published in 2018 with Centre Delàs and Stop Wapenhandel, which first measured and identified the walls that criss-cross Europe. This new report focuses on the businesses that have profited from three different kinds of wall in Europe:

    The construction companies contracted to build the land walls built by EU member states and the Schengen Area together with the security and technology companies that provide the necessary accompanying technology, equipment and services;

    The shipping and arms companies that provide the ships, aircraft, helicopters, drones that underpin Europe’s maritime walls seeking to control migratory flows in the Mediterranean, including Frontex operations, Operation Sophia and Italian operation Mare Nostrum;
    And the IT and security companies contracted to develop, run, expand and maintain EU’s systems that monitor the movement of people – such as SIS II (Schengen Information System) and EES (Entry/Exit Scheme) – which underpin Europe’s virtual walls.

    Booming budgets

    The flow of money from taxpayers to wall-builders has been highly lucrative and constantly growing. The report finds that companies have reaped the profits from at least €900 million spent by EU countries on land walls and fences since the end of the Cold War. The partial data (in scope and years) means actual costs will be at least €1 billion. In addition, companies that provide technology and services that accompany walls have also benefited from some of the steady stream of funding from the EU – in particular the External Borders Fund (€1.7 billion, 2007-2013) and the Internal Security Fund – Borders Fund (€2.76 billion, 2014-2020).

    EU spending on maritime walls has totalled at least €676.4 million between 2006 to 2017 (including €534 million spent by Frontex, €28.4 million spent by the EU on Operation Sophia and €114 million spent by Italy on Operation Mare Nostrum) and would be much more if you include all the operations by Mediterranean country coastguards. Total spending on Europe’s virtual wall equalled at least €999.4m between 2000 and 2019. (All these estimates are partial ones because walls are funded by many different funding mechanisms and due to lack of data transparency).

    This boom in border budgets is set to grow. Under its budget for the next EU budget cycle (2021–2027) the European Commission has earmarked €8.02 billion to its Integrated Border Management Fund (2021-2027), €11.27bn to Frontex (of which €2.2 billion will be used for acquiring, maintaining and operating air, sea and land assets) and at least €1.9 billion total spending (2000-2027) on its identity databases and Eurosur (the European Border Surveillance System).
    The big arm industry players

    Three giant European military and security companies in particular play a critical role in Europe’s many types of borders. These are Thales, Leonardo and Airbus.

    Thales is a French arms and security company, with a significant presence in the Netherlands, that produces radar and sensor systems, used by many ships in border security. Thales systems, were used, for example, by Dutch and Portuguese ships deployed in Frontex operations. Thales also produces maritime surveillance systems for drones and is working on developing border surveillance infrastructure for Eurosur, researching how to track and control refugees before they reach Europe by using smartphone apps, as well as exploring the use of High Altitude Pseudo Satellites (HAPS) for border security, for the European Space Agency and Frontex. Thales currently provides the security system for the highly militarised port in Calais. Its acquisition in 2019 of Gemalto, a large (biometric) identity security company, makes it a significant player in the development and maintenance of EU’s virtual walls. It has participated in 27 EU research projects on border security.
    Italian arms company Leonardo (formerly Finmeccanica or Leonardo-Finmeccanica) is a leading supplier of helicopters for border security, used by Italy in the Mare Nostrum, Hera and Sophia operations. It has also been one of the main providers of UAVs (or drones) for Europe’s borders, awarded a €67.1 million contract in 2017 by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) to supply them for EU coast-guard agencies. Leonardo was also a member of a consortium, awarded €142.1 million in 2019 to implement and maintain EU’s virtual walls, namely its EES. It jointly owns Telespazio with Thales, involved in EU satellite observation projects (REACT and Copernicus) used for border surveillance. Leonardo has participated in 24 EU research projects on border security and control, including the development of Eurosur.
    Pan-European arms giant Airbus is a key supplier of helicopters used in patrolling maritime and some land borders, deployed by Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania and Spain, including in maritime Operations Sophia, Poseidon and Triton. Airbus and its subsidiaries have participated in at least 13 EU-funded border security research projects including OCEAN2020, PERSEUS and LOBOS.
    The significant role of these arms companies is not surprising. As Border Wars (2016), showed these companies through their membership of the lobby groups – European Organisation for Security (EOS) and the AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) – have played a significant role in influencing the direction of EU border policy. Perversely, these firms are also among the top four biggest European arms dealers to the Middle East and North Africa, thus contributing to the conflicts that cause forced migration.

    Indra has been another significant corporate player in border control in Spain and the Mediterranean. It won a series of contracts to fortify Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish enclaves in northern Morocco). Indra also developed the SIVE border control system (with radar, sensors and vision systems), which is in place on most of Spain’s borders, as well as in Portugal and Romania. In July 2018 it won a €10 million contract to manage SIVE at several locations for two years. Indra is very active in lobbying the EU and is a major beneficiary of EU research funding, coordinating the PERSEUS project to further develop Eurosur and the Seahorse Network, a network between police forces in Mediterranean countries (both in Europe and Africa) to stop migration.

    Israeli arms firms are also notable winners of EU border contracts. In 2018, Frontex selected the Heron drone from Israel Aerospace Industries for pilot-testing surveillance flights in the Mediterranean. In 2015, Israeli firm Elbit sold six of its Hermes UAVs to the Switzerland’s Border Guard, in a controversial €230 million deal. It has since signed a UAV contract with the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), as a subcontractor for the Portuguese company CEIIA (2018), as well as contracts to supply technology for three patrol vessels for the Hellenic Coast Guard (2019).
    Land wall contractors

    Most of the walls and fences that have been rapidly erected across Europe have been built by national construction companies, but one European company has dominated the field: European Security Fencing, a Spanish producer of razor wire, in particular a coiled wire known as concertinas. It is most known for the razor wire on the fences around Ceuta and Melilla. It also delivered the razor wire for the fence on the border between Hungary and Serbia, and its concertinas were installed on the borders between Bulgaria and Turkey and Austria and Slovenia, as well as at Calais, and for a few days on the border between Hungary and Slovenia before being removed. Given its long-term market monopoly, its concertinas are very likely used at other borders in Europe.

    Other contractors providing both walls and associated technology include DAT-CON (Croatia, Cyprus, Macedonia, Moldova, Slovenia and Ukraine), Geo Alpinbau (Austria/Slovenia), Indra, Dragados, Ferrovial, Proyectos Y Tecnología Sallén and Eulen (Spain/Morocco), Patstroy Bourgas, Infra Expert, Patengineeringstroy, Geostroy Engineering, Metallic-Ivan Mihaylov and Indra (Bulgaria/Turkey), Nordecon and Defendec (Estonia/Russia), DAK Acélszerkezeti Kft and SIA Ceļu būvniecības sabiedrība IGATE (Latvia/Russia), Gintrėja (Lithuania/Russia), Minis and Legi-SGS(Slovenia/Croatia), Groupe CW, Jackson’s Fencing, Sorhea, Vinci/Eurovia and Zaun Ltd (France/UK).

    In many cases, the actual costs of the walls and associated technologies exceed original estimates. There have also been many allegations and legal charges of corruption, in some cases because projects were given to corporate friends of government officials. In Slovenia, for example, accusations of corruption concerning the border wall contract have led to a continuing three-year legal battle for access to documents that has reached the Supreme Court. Despite this, the EU’s External Borders Fund has been a critical financial supporter of technological infrastructure and services in many of the member states’ border operations. In Macedonia, for example, the EU has provided €9 million for patrol vehicles, night-vision cameras, heartbeat detectors and technical support for border guards to help it manage its southern border.
    Maritime wall profiteers

    The data about which ships, helicopters and aircraft are used in Europe’s maritime operations is not transparent and therefore it is difficult to get a full picture. Our research shows, however, that the key corporations involved include the European arms giants Airbus and Leonardo, as well as large shipbuilding companies including Dutch Damen and Italian Fincantieri.

    Damen’s patrol vessels have been used for border operations by Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Portugal, the Netherlands, Romania, Sweden and the UK as well as in key Frontex operations (Poseidon, Triton and Themis), Operation Sophia and in supporting NATO’s role in Operation Poseidon. Outside Europe, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey use Damen vessels for border security, often in cooperation with the EU or its member states. Turkey’s €20 million purchase of six Damen vessels for its coast guard in 2006, for example, was financed through the EU Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP), intended for peace-building and conflict prevention.

    The sale of Damen vessels to Libya unveils the potential troubling human costs of this corporate trade. In 2012, Damen supplied four patrol vessels to the Libyan Coast Guard, sold as civil equipment in order to avoid a Dutch arms export license. Researchers have since found out, however, that the ships were not only sold with mounting points for weapons, but were then armed and used to stop refugee boats. Several incidents involving these ships have been reported, including one where some 20 or 30 refugees drowned. Damen has refused to comment, saying it had agreed with the Libyan government not to disclose information about the ships.

    In addition to Damen, many national shipbuilders play a significant role in maritime operations as they were invariably prioritised by the countries contributing to each Frontex or other Mediterranean operation. Hence, all the ships Italy contributed to Operation Sophia were built by Fincantieri, while all Spanish ships come from Navantia and its predecessors. Similarly, France purchases from DCN/DCNS, now Naval Group, and all German ships were built by several German shipyards (Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, HDW, Lürssen Gruppe). Other companies in Frontex operations have included Greek company, Motomarine Shipyards, which produced the Panther 57 Fast Patrol Boats used by the Hellenic Coast Guard, Hellenic Shipyards and Israel Shipyards.

    Austrian company Schiebel is a significant player in maritime aerial surveillance through its supply of S-100 drones. In November 2018, EMSA selected the company for a €24 million maritime surveillance contract for a range of operations including border security. Since 2017, Schiebel has also won contracts from Croatia, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The company has a controversial record, with its drones sold to a number of countries experiencing armed conflict or governed by repressive regimes such as Libya, Myanmar, the UAE and Yemen.

    Finland and the Netherlands deployed Dornier aircraft to Operation Hermes and Operation Poseidon respectively, and to Operation Triton. Dornier is now part of the US subsidiary of the Israeli arms company Elbit Systems. CAE Aviation (Luxembourg), DEA Aviation (UK) and EASP Air (Netherlands) have all received contracts for aircraft surveillance work for Frontex. Airbus, French Dassault Aviation, Leonardo and US Lockheed Martin were the most important suppliers of aircraft used in Operation Sophia.

    The EU and its member states defend their maritime operations by publicising their role in rescuing refugees at sea, but this is not their primary goal, as Frontex director Fabrice Leggeri made clear in April 2015, saying that Frontex has no mandate for ‘proactive search-and-rescue action[s]’ and that saving lives should not be a priority. The thwarting and criminalisation of NGO rescue operations in the Mediterranean and the frequent reports of violence and illegal refoulement of refugees, also demonstrates why these maritime operations should be considered more like walls than humanitarian missions.
    Virtual walls

    The major EU contracts for the virtual walls have largely gone to two companies, sometimes as leaders of a consortium. Sopra Steria is the main contractor for the development and maintenance of the Visa Information System (VIS), Schengen Information System (SIS II) and European Dactyloscopy (Eurodac), while GMV has secured a string of contracts for Eurosur. The systems they build help control, monitor and surveil people’s movements across Europe and increasingly beyond.

    Sopra Steria is a French technology consultancy firm that has to date won EU contracts worth a total value of over €150 million. For some of these large contracts Sopra Steria joined consortiums with HP Belgium, Bull and 3M Belgium. Despite considerable business, Sopra Steria has faced considerable criticism for its poor record on delivering projects on time and on budget. Its launch of SIS II was constantly delayed, forcing the Commission to extend contracts and increase budgets. Similarly, Sopra Steria was involved in another consortium, the Trusted Borders consortium, contracted to deliver the UK e-Borders programme, which was eventually terminated in 2010 after constant delays and failure to deliver. Yet it continues to win contracts, in part because it has secured a near-monopoly of knowledge and access to EU officials. The central role that Sopra Steria plays in developing these EU biometric systems has also had a spin-off effect in securing other national contracts, including with Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Romania and Slovenia GMV, a Spanish technology company, has received a succession of large contracts for Eurosur, ever since its testing phase in 2010, worth at least €25 million. It also provides technology to the Spanish Guardia Civil, such as control centres for its Integrated System of External Vigilance (SIVE) border security system as well as software development services to Frontex. It has participated in at least ten EU-funded research projects on border security.

    Most of the large contracts for the virtual walls that did not go to consortia including Sopra Steria were awarded by eu-LISA (European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice) to consortia comprising computer and technology companies including Accenture, Atos Belgium and Morpho (later renamed Idema).
    Lobbying

    As research in our Border Wars series has consistently shown, through effective lobbying, the military and security industry has been very influential in shaping the discourse of EU security and military policies. The industry has succeeded in positioning itself as the experts on border security, pushing the underlying narrative that migration is first and foremost a security threat, to be combatted by security and military means. With this premise, it creates a continuous demand for the ever-expanding catalogue of equipment and services the industry supplies for border security and control.

    Many of the companies listed here, particularly the large arms companies, are involved in the European Organisation for Security (EOS), the most important lobby group on border security. Many of the IT security firms that build EU’s virtual walls are members of the European Biometrics Association (EAB). EOS has an ‘Integrated Border Security Working Group’ to ‘facilitate the development and uptake of better technology solutions for border security both at border checkpoints, and along maritime and land borders’. The working group is chaired by Giorgio Gulienetti of the Italian arms company Leonardo, with Isto Mattila (Laurea University of Applied Science) and Peter Smallridge of Gemalto, a digital security company recently acquired by Thales.

    Company lobbyists and representatives of these lobby organisations regularly meet with EU institutions, including the European Commission, are part of official advisory committees, publish influential proposals, organise meetings between industry, policy-makers and executives and also meet at the plethora of military and security fairs, conferences and seminars. Airbus, Leonardo and Thales together with EOS held 226 registered lobbying meetings with the European Commission between 2014 and 2019. In these meetings representatives of the industry position themselves as the experts on border security, presenting their goods and services as the solution for ‘security threats’ caused by immigration. In 2017, the same group of companies and EOS spent up to €2.65 million on lobbying.

    A similar close relationship can be seen on virtual walls, with the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission arguing openly for public policy to foster the ‘emergence of a vibrant European biometrics industry’.
    A deadly trade and a choice

    The conclusion of this survey of the business of building walls is clear. A Europe full of walls has proved to be very good for the bottom line of a wide range of corporations including arms, security, IT, shipping and construction companies. The EU’s planned budgets for border security for the next decade show it is also a business that will continue to boom.

    This is also a deadly business. The heavy militarisation of Europe’s borders on land and at sea has led refugees and migrants to follow far more hazardous routes and has trapped others in desperate conditions in neighbouring countries like Libya. Many deaths are not recorded, but those that are tracked in the Mediterranean show that the proportion of those who drown trying to reach Europe continues to increase each year.

    This is not an inevitable state of affairs. It is both the result of policy decisions made by the EU and its member states, and corporate decisions to profit from these policies. In a rare principled stand, German razor wire manufacturer Mutanox in 2015 stated it would not sell its product to the Hungarian government arguing: ‘Razor wire is designed to prevent criminal acts, like a burglary. Fleeing children and adults are not criminals’. It is time for other European politicians and business leaders to recognise the same truth: that building walls against the world’s most vulnerable people violates human rights and is an immoral act that history will judge harshly. Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, it is time for Europe to bring down its new walls.

    ▻https://www.tni.org/en/businessbuildingwalls

    #business #murs #barrières_frontalières #militarisation_des_frontières #visualisation #Europe #UE #EU #complexe_militaro-industriel #Airbus #Leonardo #Thales #Indra #Israel_Aerospace_Industries #Elbit #European_Security_Fencing #DAT-CON #Geo_Alpinbau #Dragados #Ferrovial, #Proyectos_Y_Tecnología_Sallén #Eulen #Patstroy_Bourgas #Infra_Expert #Patengineeringstroy #Geostroy_Engineering #Metallic-Ivan_Mihaylov #Nordecon #Defendec #DAK_Acélszerkezeti_Kft #SIA_Ceļu_būvniecības_sabiedrība_IGATE #Gintrėja #Minis #Legi-SGS #Groupe_CW #Jackson’s_Fencing #Sorhea #Vinci #Eurovia #Zaun_Ltd #Damen #Fincantieri #Frontex #Damen #Turquie #Instrument_contributing_to_Stability_and_Peace (#IcSP) #Libye #exernalisation #Operation_Sophia #Navantia #Naval_Group #Flensburger_Schiffbau-Gesellschaft #HDW #Lürssen_Gruppe #Motomarine_Shipyards #Panther_57 #Hellenic_Shipyards #Israel_Shipyards #Schiebel #Dornier #Operation_Hermes #CAE_Aviation #DEA_Aviation #EASP_Air #French_Dassault_Aviation #US_Lockheed_Martin #murs_virtuels #Sopra_Steria #Visa_Information_System (#VIS) #données #Schengen_Information_System (#SIS_II) #European_Dactyloscopy (#Eurodac) #GMV #Eurosur #HP_Belgium #Bull #3M_Belgium #Trusted_Borders_consortium #économie #biométrie #Integrated_System_of_External_Vigilance (#SIVE) #eu-LISA #Accenture #Atos_Belgium #Morpho #Idema #lobby #European_Organisation_for_Security (#EOS) #European_Biometrics_Association (#EAB) #Integrated_Border_Security_Working_Group #Giorgio_Gulienetti #Isto_Mattila #Peter_Smallridge #Gemalto #murs_terrestres #murs_maritimes #coût #chiffres #statistiques #Joint_Research_Centre_of_the_European_Commission #Mutanox

    Pour télécharger le #rapport :
    https://i.imgur.com/LurpJL1.png
    https://i.imgur.com/xtHjEM3.png
    https://i.imgur.com/yiU7c7c.png
    https://i.imgur.com/nYofRH0.png
    https://i.imgur.com/mGxteLR.png
    https://i.imgur.com/mGxteLR.png
    https://i.imgur.com/AxePCx2.png
    ▻https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/business_of_building_walls_-_full_report.pdf

    déjà signalé par @odilon ici :
    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/809783
    Je le remets ici avec des mots clé de plus

    ping @daphne @marty @isskein @karine4

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/810272 via CDB_77

    etraces @etraces
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  • @etraces
    etraces @etraces 24/04/2020

    Amazon aurait utilisé des données de vendeurs tiers pour lancer des produits concurrents
    ▻https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2020/04/23/amazon-aurait-utilise-des-donnees-de-vendeurs-tiers-pour-lancer-des-produits

    Le leadeur mondial de l’e-commerce affirme que les pratiques décrites sont contraires à sa politique et annonce une enquête interne à la suite de la publication de ces informations dans le « Wall Street Journal ».

    C’est une révélation très gênante pour Amazon : des employés du leadeur mondial de l’e-commerce ont accédé à des données sur les ventes de produits commercialisés sur sa plate-forme par des vendeurs tiers, avant de lancer des articles concurrents sous des marques d’Amazon.

    Les faits, exposés par le quotidien américain Wall Street Journal, jeudi 23 avril, contredisent le discours toujours tenu par l’entreprise de Jeff Bezos. L’affaire accrédite certains soupçons des autorités de la concurrence. Amazon affirme, lui, que les pratiques décrites sont contraires à sa politique et annonce une enquête interne.

    Le Wall Street Journal affirme avoir interviewé une vingtaine d’employés et ex-salariés du service chargé de lancer des produits pour les marques créées par Amazon et regroupées sous le label Amazon Basics, un catalogue de 243 000 articles. Sur le site d’Amazon sont également proposés des produits d’autres entreprises, sur lesquels la plate-forme prélève une commission (la « marketplace »), et des produits d’autres marques qu’Amazon achète et revend directement.

    Offres concurrentes
    Amazon dispose donc d’informations concernant des produits concurrents. Le Wall Street Journal cite le cas précis de Fortem. Cette PME new-yorkaise a lancé, en octobre 2016, un casier de rangement pour coffre de voiture qui a connu un grand succès dans sa catégorie. Un employé d’Amazon a produit un rapport listant 25 informations différentes sur cet article, dont son prix moyen sur douze mois, la commission d’Amazon, les dépenses de la marque en publicité sur la plate-forme ou les coûts de livraison, détaille le journal.

    Ces informations ont aidé Amazon à positionner une offre concurrente : en octobre 2019, Amazon Basics a lancé trois casiers proches de celui de Fortem. Le Wall Street Journal mentionne un scénario similaire avec les coussins de chaise de bureau de la marque Upper Echelon Products.

    Ce genre d’utilisation d’informations sur un produit précis est « une procédure standard » dans l’élaboration des nouveautés des marques d’Amazon, raconte l’employé qui a transmis les données sur Fortem. Un autre ex-salarié affirme que les cadres d’Amazon qui tirent profit de ce genre de données concurrentielles ont conscience que ce n’est pas autorisé officiellement. Amazon assure d’ailleurs que les pratiques de ces employés enfreignent ses règles internes.
    Pourtant, Amazon a toujours assuré qu’il y avait une forme de « #muraille_de_Chine » interne qui séparait le département des vendeurs tiers de celui de ses propres marques, avec des équipes et des statistiques séparées. L’entreprise a toujours soutenu qu’elle n’utilisait jamais de données sur un vendeur ou un article précis, mais plutôt des informations « agrégées » sur une catégorie d’articles ou des données publiques disponibles sur le site, comme les « meilleures ventes ».

    Procédures
    Jeff Bezos a récemment réfuté les accusations de pratiques anticoncurrentielles en utilisant l’argument suivant : si Amazon favorisait systématiquement ses propres marques, la part des ventes réalisées par les vendeurs tiers sur la plate-forme n’aurait pas crû régulièrement pour atteindre aujourd’hui 58 % de son chiffre d’affaires. En comparaison, les produits Amazon Basics ne représenteraient que 1 % des ventes.

    Il n’empêche, l’affaire tombe mal pour Amazon. En effet, la pratique décrite correspond précisément au soupçon principal des autorités « antitrust ». La commissaire européenne à la concurrence, Margrethe Vestager, a officialisé, en juillet 2019, une enquête sur l’utilisation des données des vendeurs tiers sur la plate-forme.

    Aux Etats-Unis, le régulateur du commerce, la Federal Trade Commission, a, elle aussi, lancé une procédure visant Amazon, dont les données sont un point important. La plus fervente avocate du « démantèlement » des grandes plates-formes numériques, l’ex-candidate à l’investiture démocrate Elizabeth Warren, utilisait précisément cet argument : on ne peut pas être opérateur d’une plate-forme de vente et y proposer ses propres produits, car cela génère un conflit d’intérêts, expliquait-elle.

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/847085 via Simplicissimus

    etraces @etraces
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  • @entre_les_lignes_ent
    entre les lignes entre les mots @entre_les_lignes_ent CC BY-NC-ND 31/03/2020

    Les logiques mortifères d’un ordre social et de ses clôtures

    https://entreleslignesentrelesmots.files.wordpress.com/2019/12/une-frontieres-de-fer.jpg

    Note sur : Stéphane Rosière : Frontières de ferroviaires
    Le cloisonnement du monde

    ▻https://entreleslignesentrelesmots.blog/2020/03/31/les-logiques-mortiferes-dun-ordre-social-et-de-ses-clot

    #international #frontière #mur

    entre les lignes entre les mots @entre_les_lignes_ent CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @entre_les_lignes_ent
    entre les lignes entre les mots @entre_les_lignes_ent CC BY-NC-ND 10/03/2020

    ###Introduction de Stéphane Rosière : Frontières de fer. Le cloisonnement du monde
    Cet ouvrage est consacré aux dispositifs physiques, administratifs et idéologiques actuellement construits aux frontières internationales, ici entendues comme les lignes séparatrices entre les territoires des États (1). Il s’agit de dispositifs au sens que Michel Foucault donne à ce terme : « Ensemble hétérogène constitué de discours, d’institutions, d’aménagements architecturaux, de règles et de lois, etc. » (Foucault, 1997). Nous nous focaliserons sur les barrières frontalières, souvent appelées « murs », qui sont érigées un peu partout dans le monde (2).

    ▻https://entreleslignesentrelesmots.blog/2020/03/10/introduction-de-stephane-rosiere-frontieres-de-ferrovia

    #international #frontières #mur

    entre les lignes entre les mots @entre_les_lignes_ent CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 14/11/2019
    1
    @amd_lyon
    1

    Vincent Duclert : « Jamais Picquart n’a été le précurseur de Zola, jamais il n’aurait écrit “J’accuse” »

    ▻https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2019/11/12/vincent-duclert-jamais-picquart-n-a-ete-le-precurseur-de-zola-jamais-il-n-au

    L’historien Vincent Duclert estime que le film de Roman Polanski donne une image héroïque qui trahit la réalité du militaire engagé pour faire innocenter Dreyfus.

    Vincent Duclert, historien, est l’un des grands spécialistes de l’affaire Dreyfus, à laquelle il a consacré plusieurs ouvrages de référence. Il vient de publier « Ecrire, c’est résister », la correspondance entre Alfred Dreyfus et son épouse Lucie, de 1894 à 1899 (éd. Folio Histoire, 304 p., 7,90 €).

    Quel regard porte l’historien que vous êtes sur le film de Roman Polanski, « J’accuse » ?

    Dès lors que le film s’ancre dans l’histoire, on est autorisé à le juger sur son rapport à cette matière. Or je constate, pour aller à l’essentiel, que le film donne de son personnage principal, le colonel Picquart, une image qui trahit la réalité.

    Il y apparaît en effet comme un personnage héroïque, qui se sacrifie à la cause de Dreyfus, et qui travaille main dans la main à cet égard avec le camp des dreyfusards. Il n’en fut rien. Comme le montre le récent ouvrage de Philippe Oriol, Le Faux Ami du capitaine Dreyfus, Picquart, dont il ne faut pas nier pour autant le rôle important qu’il a joué, n’a jamais agi que pour défendre sa propre cause quand il a été menacé, il n’a jamais collaboré avec les dreyfusards. Bien au contraire, il a toujours songé à défendre l’armée, il ne s’est jamais dépris de son antisémitisme ni de son aversion à l’égard de Dreyfus.

    En un mot, rien ne trahit mieux les raccourcis navrants du film que son titre : jamais Picquart n’a été le précurseur de Zola, jamais il n’aurait écrit « J’accuse ».

    Cette héroïsation de Picquart a enfin pour regrettable effet de donner de Dreyfus, par contraste, une image de pure victime. Il se trouve que cette image a longtemps collé au personnage. Or, Dreyfus fit montre d’un grand stoïcisme et d’une remarquable capacité de résistance. Sa correspondance avec sa femme Lucie en témoigne fortement. Dreyfus est en vérité ce qu’on semble encore avoir beaucoup de mal à concevoir : un héros juif.

    […] #mur_d'argent

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/811060 via Gastlag

    7h37 @7h37
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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 3/08/2019

    Les #femmes de #pouvoir

    En ce début de XXIe siècle, les voix féminines se font de mieux en mieux entendre. Démonstration avec les parcours de femmes de conviction : Hillary Clinton, Michelle Bachelet, Inna Shevchenko. Une révolution tranquille est en marche. Petit à petit, le combat pour l’égalité des sexes progresse, dans les coulisses du pouvoir comme dans certains villages du tiers-monde. Aux quatre coins de la planète, à travers leurs trajectoires mêmes, des femmes contribuent à inspirer cette volonté de changement. Ce documentaire passe en revue leurs réussites et leurs combats : les militantes indiennes et nigériennes luttant pour leurs droits, mais aussi des personnalités telles que Christine Lagarde, Michelle Bachelet ou la Femen Inna Shevchenko. D’autres femmes engagées, comme Hillary Clinton, la théologienne Margot Käßmann (ex-évêque de Hanovre) et Melinda Gates, s’expriment dans ce film et donnent leur point de vue sur la condition féminine. Un documentaire qui montre comment, peu à peu, leurs comparses font tomber les barrières qui les empêchaient d’avancer.

    ▻https://www.senscritique.com/film/Les_femmes_de_pouvoir/19821282
    #film #documentaire
    #politique_étrangère_féministe #égalité #leadership_féminin #maternité #Christine_Lagarde #Minouche_Shafik #revenu #quota_féminin #Angela_Merkel #droits_des_femmes #féminisme #Michelle_Bachelet #préjugés #politique #Inde #Daphne_Jayasinghe #toilettes #corruption #Suède #Chili

    #Margot_Wallström, qui déclare :

    «Sexual violence against women is not cultural, is criminal»

    #violences_sexuelles #viol

    #viol_comme_arme_de_guerre #sens_de_culpabilité #armes #commerce_d'armes #Haifaa_al-Mansour #invisibilité #invisibilisation #Arabie_Saoudite #sous-représentation_féminine #religion

    #femmes_du_mur (#mur_des_lamentations)

    #Elana_Sztokman —> #mouvement_féministe_juif_orthodoxe
    (#judaïsme #judaïsme_orthodoxe)

    ligne de bus « #meandrine » (= de stricte observance)

    #ségrégation #patriarcat #radicalisme_religieux #Femen #auto-détermination #mariage_forcé #Niger #mortalité_maternelle #droit_à_l'avortement #avortement #droits_sexuels_et_reproductifs #IVG #Morena_Herera

    #El_Salvador #Las_17 (▻https://las17.org)

    #machisme
    contrôle de la #fertilité

    Incroyable maire d’un village en #Inde :
    #Chhavi_Rajawat
    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chhavi_Rajawat_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_India_2012.jpg/220px-Chhavi_Rajawat_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_India_2012.jpg
    ▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhavi_Rajawat

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/795739 via CDB_77

    7h37 @7h37
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  • @perezlr
    perezlr @perezlr CC BY-NC-ND 12/06/2019

    Raras artes
    ▻http://www.unoscuantostextos.org/raras-artes

    Me hace gracia que las galerías de #arte contemporáneo dicten medidas contra un tipo de ofensa tan impreciso como la definición de su producto comercial Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema. Galería de arte (detalle) (1866). Artículo publicado en

    #Anacronías #Artículos #En_la_prensa #arte_callejero #arte_contemporáneo #Artesantander #Cantabria #contaminación #galerías_de_arte #gentrificación #murales #publicidad #Santander

    perezlr @perezlr CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 11/02/2019

    The Wall is Killing People
    https://i.imgur.com/XBVgKCt.png
    https://i.imgur.com/rBrk7dU.png
    https://i.imgur.com/wMEn5CP.png
    ▻https://thenib.com/the-wall-is-killing-people
    #hostile_environnement #mortalité #murs #barrières_frontalières #environnement_hostile #frontières #USA #Mexique #mourir_aux_frontières #statistiques #chiffres #violent_borders #prevention_through_deterrance #visualisation #cartographie
    ping @reka

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/759313 via CDB_77

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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 27/12/2018

    Inside Banksy’s The Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem - The National
    ▻https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/inside-banksy-s-the-walled-off-hotel-in-bethlehem-1.804845
    https://www.thenational.ae/image/policy:1.804837:1545315485/image.jpg?f=16x9&q=0.6&w=1200&$p$f$q$w=70c86c9

    ... unlike Girl with Balloon and Dismaland, Banksy appears uncharacteristically reluctant to follow through with the destruction of his Bethlehem creation. Some 21 months later, it seems to have become a permanent feature of this small city’s tourist landscape.

    Given that #Banksy is notoriously elusive, it is difficult to be sure why he has made an exception for The Walled Off Hotel. But given his well-known sympathy for the Palestinian cause, a few reasons suggest themselves. One is that, were he to abandon the hotel, it would delight the Israeli military authorities. They would love to see The Walled Off Hotel disappear – and with it, a major reason to focus on a particularly ugly aspect of Israel’s occupation. In addition, dismantling the hotel might echo rather uncomfortably Israel’s long-standing policy of clearing Palestinians off their land – invariably to free-up space for Jewish settlement.

    Israel strenuously claims the wall was built to aid security by keeping out Palestinian “terrorists”. But the wall’s path outside The Walled Off Hotel seals off Bethlehem from one of its major holy sites, Rachel’s Tomb, and has allowed Jewish religious extremists to take it over.

    A rare success story
    In sticking by the hotel, Banksy appears to have been influenced by Palestinian “#sumud”, Arabic for steadfastness, a commitment to staying put in the face of Israeli pressure and aggression. But significantly, there is a practical consideration: The Walled Off Hotel has rapidly become a rare success story in the occupied territories, boosting the struggling Palestinian economy. That has occurred in spite of Israel’s best efforts to curb tourism to Bethlehem, including by making a trip through the wall and an Israeli checkpoint a time-consuming and discomfiting experience.

    #Palestine #Mur

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/746213 via Kassem

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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 8/12/2018

    Les murs et #plafonds_illustrés de maisons du #MoyenAge évoquent un monde où #religion, #fantasmes et #superstitions sont ancrés dans le quotidien » (diffusé avec CNRS Images).

    ▻https://sms.hypotheses.org/16091

    https://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1243/files/2018/12/Capture-d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran-2018-12-03-a%CC%80-10.54.34-300x270.png

    #moyen_age, #médiéval, #image, #maison, #fantasme, #superstition, #religion, #plafond, #art, #couleur, #film, #documentaire, #mur, #bâtiment, #iconographie, #quotidien, #comportement, #transgression, #narbonne, #capestang, #artiste, #peinture, #peindre

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/742263 via Mondes Sociaux

    7h37 @7h37
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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 31/10/2018
    2
    @jefklak
    @rezo
    2

    Marseille : le mur de la honte

    Comme ultime réponse à la contestation populaire contre son projet piloté par la #Soleam, société d’aménagement, la mairie de Marseille monte un mur de béton entre les habitants et #La_Plaine, pour la « réaménager » par l’agence #APS. Marseille prend ainsi le visage du Mexique, de Belfast, de Gaza, ou de Berlin en 1961.

    https://static.mediapart.fr/etmagine/portfolio/files/portfolios/671095/5bd79c9bd9977.jpg
    ▻https://blogs.mediapart.fr/671095/blog/301018/marseille-le-mur-de-la-honte
    #murs #Marseille #séparation #division #barrières #villes #urban_matter #France #ville_divisée #divided_cities #frontières #frontières_urbaines

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/732426 via CDB_77

    7h37 @7h37
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  • @rezo
    Rezo @rezo 24/07/2018
    1
    @7h37
    1

    Violences sexuelles : UNE VOLONTE DE NE PAS CONDAMNER – Révolution Féministe
    ▻https://revolutionfeministe.wordpress.com/2018/04/22/violences-sexuelles-une-volonte-de-ne-pas-condamner
    https://revolutionfeministe.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/metoo.jpg?w=1200

    Et parler de délation dans ce contexte, à propos de crimes graves que théoriquement tout citoyen doit dénoncer, c’est quand même assez indécent. Et en plus, poser que ces crimes ne pouvaient être dénoncés qu’en portant plainte, c’est quand même se moquer du monde : ce n’est pas pour rien qu’il n’y a que 9% de plaintes déposées, qu’au final 70% de ces affaires sont classées et qu’il n’y a que 1% de condamnations. Et on sait que les procédures judiciaires sont maltraitantes : notre enquête a montré que 80% des victimes disent avoir très mal vécu les procédures judiciaires. Et que dans l’état actuel, porter plainte, ce n’est pas du tout une garantie d’être jugée, d’être entendue, en fait, les femmes se retrouvent forcément mises en cause, traitées comme des coupables—on ne peut donc pas leur renvoyer cette injonction de porter plainte.

    Je crois qu’elle fait allusion à des merdes comme ça
    https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DeHJWiKW4AAKx3L.jpg
    ou à l’inquiétude de Macron que le mouvement mène à la « délation »...

    #culture_du_viol #femmes #metoo #Muriel_Salmona

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/710007 via aude_v

    Rezo @rezo
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  • @etraces
    etraces @etraces 13/06/2018

    Inside Palmer Luckey’s Bid to Build a Border Wall

    Palmer Luckey—yes, that Palmer Luckey, the 25-year-old entrepreneur who founded the virtual reality company Oculus, sold it to Facebook, and then left Facebook in a haze of political controversy—hands me a Samsung Gear VR headset. Slipping it over my eyes, I am instantly immersed in a digital world that simulates the exact view I had just been enjoying in real life. In the virtual valley below is a glowing green square with text that reads PERSON 98%. Luckey directs me to tilt my head downward, toward the box, and suddenly an image pops up over the VR rendering. A human is making his way through the rugged sagebrush, a scene captured by cameras on a tower behind me. To his right I see another green box, this one labeled ANIMAL 86%. Zooming in on it brings up a photo of a calf, grazing a bit outside its usual range.

    The system I’m trying out is Luckey’s solution to how the US should detect unauthorized border crossings. It merges VR with surveillance tools to create a digital wall that is not a barrier so much as a web of all-seeing eyes, with intelligence to know what it sees. Luckey’s company, Anduril Industries, is pitching its technology to the Department of Homeland Security as a complement to—or substitute for—much of President Trump’s promised physical wall along the border with Mexico.

    https://media.wired.com/photos/5b16f07f895dca7a99d02e32/master/w_2025,c_limit/WI070118_FF_Anduril_LO_01.jpg
    ▻https://www.wired.com/story/palmer-luckey-anduril-border-wall

    #Palmer_Luckey #murs #frontières #barrières_frontalières #complexe_militaro-industriel #surveillance #technologie #migrations #asile #réfugiés #détection #Lattice #Anduril
    via @isskein

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/701528 via CDB_77

    etraces @etraces
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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 17/02/2018

    Ordonnances : un amendement surprise permet d’imposer le forfait jour aux salariés
    ▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/160218/ordonnances-un-amendement-surprise-permet-d-imposer-le-forfait-jour-aux-sa

    Sénateurs et députés ont autorisé, par le biais d’un amendement de dernière minute, qu’un employeur puisse imposer à un salarié de passer en forfait jour, ce qui permet de passer outre la réglementation sur le temps de travail. S’y opposer vaudra licenciement. Les syndicats soulignent l’absence de démocratie dans cette manœuvre.

    #France #Code_du_travail #durée_légale_du_temps_de_travail #forfait-jour #Muriel_Pénicaud #ordonnance_balai #ordonnances_Macron #UGICT

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/669809 via Mediapart

    7h37 @7h37
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  • @nodal
    Nodal @nodal 10/01/2018

    Trump ofrece un “acuerdo de amor” a los #migrantes pero a cambio de construir el muro y frenar el ingreso de sus familiares
    ▻https://www.nodal.am/2018/01/trump-ofrece-acuerdo-amor-los-migrantes-cambio-construir-muro-frenar-ingreso-f

    Trump ofrece “acuerdo de amor” para indocumentados y #Dreamers Después de amenazar a millones de inmigrantes desde que llegó a la Casa Blanca, el presidente #Donald_Trump ofreció este martes un acuerdo de amor para los dreamers e incluso para 11...

    [Esto es un resumen. Visita la Web para la nota completa y más!]

    #Caribe #Centroamérica #México #DACA #flash #Muro_fronterizo #segunda #segundas #tps

    Nodal @nodal
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  • @entre_les_lignes_ent
    entre les lignes entre les mots @entre_les_lignes_ent CC BY-NC-ND 6/01/2018

    *Les nouveaux murs qui strient la planète*

    https://entreleslignesentrelesmots.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/002.gif

    Note sur : *Wendy Brown : Murs
    Les murs de séparation et le déclin de la souveraineté étatique*

    ▻https://entreleslignesentrelesmots.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/les-nouveaux-murs-qui-strient-la-planete

    #mur #international

    entre les lignes entre les mots @entre_les_lignes_ent CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @mediapart
    Mediapart @mediapart 16/12/2017

    Les 7 millionnaires du #gouvernement et... les véhicules polluants de M. Hulot
    ▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/161217/les-7-millionnaires-du-gouvernement-et-les-vehicules-polluants-de-m-hulot

    La #Haute_autorité_pour_la_transparence_de_la_vie_publique vient de publier les déclarations de #patrimoine des membres du gouvernement. On dénombre plusieurs millionnaires issus de la société civile. Plus inattendus, les véhicules du ministre de la transition écologique #Nicolas_Hulot font mauvais genre. Nicolas Hulot sortant d’une voiture en mai 2017 © Reuters/Benoît Tessier

    #France #Edouard_Philippe #Emmanuel_Macron #Françoise_Nyssen #Gérard_Darmanin #Muriel_Pénicaud

    Mediapart @mediapart
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  • @mediapart
    Mediapart @mediapart 16/12/2017

    Les 7 millionnaires du #gouvernement et... les 9 véhicules polluants de M. Hulot
    ▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/161217/les-7-millionnaires-du-gouvernement-et-les-9-vehicules-polluants-de-m-hulo

    La #Haute_autorité_pour_la_transparence_de_la_vie_publique vient de publier les déclarations de #patrimoine des membres du gouvernement. On dénombre plusieurs millionnaires issus de la société civile. Plus inattendus, les véhicules du ministre de la transition écologique #Nicolas_Hulot font mauvais genre. Nicolas Hulot sortant d’une voiture en mai 2017 © Reuters/Benoît Tessier

    #France #Edouard_Philippe #Emmanuel_Macron #Françoise_Nyssen #Gérard_Darmanin #Muriel_Pénicaud

    Mediapart @mediapart
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  • @mediapart
    Mediapart @mediapart 12/12/2017

    A l’écoute des #murs
    ▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-idees/121217/l-ecoute-des-murs

    L’écrivain et éditeur #Yves_Pagès collecte depuis des années les « #aphorismes_urbains » et les #graffitis, en quête d’invention murale et verbale. Entretien et commentaire d’images.

    #Culture-Idées #Mai-68

    Mediapart @mediapart
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  • @contretemps
    Contretemps @contretemps 8/12/2017

    À lire un extrait de « La #révolution #kurde » d’Olivier Grojean
    ▻http://www.contretemps.eu/revolution-kurde-grojean

    Olivier Grojean, La révolution kurde. Le #PKK et la fabrique d’une utopie, Paris, La Découverte, 2017.

    #Diaporama #Stratégie #libertaire #Murray_Bookchin #Öcalan #question_kurde #Turquie #zapatisme

    Contretemps @contretemps
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  • @mediapart
    Mediapart @mediapart 28/11/2017

    #ordonnances : une réforme injuste et déjà périmée
    ▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/economie/271117/ordonnances-une-reforme-injuste-et-deja-perimee

    Les députés votent ce mardi 28 novembre la ratification des ordonnances réformant le #Code_du_travail, la libération du processus de « destruction créatrice » tant souhaité par #Emmanuel_Macron.

    #Economie #droit_du_travail #loi_travail_saison_2 #Muriel_Pénicaud #syndicats

    Mediapart @mediapart
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  • @jefklak
    Jef Klak [seenthis] @jefklak 22/11/2017

    How Brexit looms over the Irish border: ’It’s the Berlin Wall approaching us’ | UK news | The Guardian
    ▻https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/nov/22/how-brexit-looms-over-the-irish-border-its-the-berlin-wall-approaching-
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/00d18e178d108b03b3bb3d76e0d17916725334ce/0_201_4500_2700/master/4500.jpg?w=1200&h=630&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Centropy&bm=normal&ba=bottom%2Cleft&blend64=aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWRzLmd1aW0uY28udWsvMjAxNi8wNS8yNS9vdmVybGF5LWxvZ28tMTIwMC05MF9vcHQucG5n&s=4e2f638f826fa8e36d4196afa8a653d1
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/04018b27e13b4b6e8e2ce27e6bcd8cd410724cb5/0_35_4500_2700/master/4500.jpg?w=620&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=max&s=8022ac285f434764fabd8f8b6cff0401

    How Brexit looms over the Irish border: ’It’s the Berlin Wall approaching us’

    In the communities that straddle the divide between Northern Ireland and the Republic, anxieties about a hard border are becoming very real. Many business owners fear for their livelihoods, while local people warn of a return to the days when IRA smugglers ruled ‘bandit country’

    by Lisa O’Carroll

    #irlande #royaume-uni #ulster #murs #frontières

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/646708 via Reka

    Jef Klak [seenthis] @jefklak
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  • @prcf
    PRCF @prcf CC BY-NC-ND 22/11/2017

    Repression de la presse et des syndicalistes, #en_marche vers le totalitarisme !
    ▻https://www.initiative-communiste.fr/articles/repression-de-la-presse-et-des-syndicalisme-en-marche-vers-le-

    Avec #macron, En Marche vers le totalitarisme. Répression anti syndicale, censure de la presse, en quelque mois le pouvoir Macron confirme une grave dérive vers des méthodes de plus en plus ouvertement totalitaires. Et ce n’est pas la fonctionnement du parti En Marche extirpant la moindre forme de démocratie de son fonctionnement interne qui pourrait […]

    #articles #Castaner #Muriel_Pénicaud #repression_anti_syndicale

    PRCF @prcf CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @mediapart
    Mediapart @mediapart 16/11/2017

    #formation_professionnelle : 15 milliards et beaucoup de questions
    ▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/161117/formation-professionnelle-15-milliards-et-beaucoup-de-questions

    Le volet flexibilité est passé, les ordonnances vont être ratifiées. Mais le gouvernement va devoir convaincre que les contreparties sont à la hauteur. S’il existe une marge de manœuvre sur la formation professionnelle, présentée hier aux organisations patronales et syndicales, la #réforme de l’assurance chômage se heurte à son financement.

    #France #Economie #assurance_chômage #Muriel_Pénicaud #partenaires_sociaux #syndicats

    Mediapart @mediapart
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  • @7h37
    7h37 @7h37 21/10/2017

    #Pérou : le #mur de la #honte | Actu et société | ARTE
    ▻https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/078636-000-A/perou-le-mur-de-la-honte
    https://static-cdn.arte.tv/resize/bKswpOytO4f3r1BT9RnW2BHOujc=/940x530/smart/filters:strip_icc()/apios/Img_data/22/078636-000-A_2219521.jpg

    Environ deux tiers de la population vit à Pamplona alta, à la périphérie de la capitale péruvienne. Ici, ni gaz, ni électricité, ni eau courante, mais des cabanes en bois et en tôle accrochées à flanc de montagne. De l’autre côté du #mur, à Las Casuarinas et la Molina, des rues goudronnées ourlées d’espaces verts accueillent des villas cossues avec jardins et piscine.

    #richesse #pauvreté #racisme #classes #discrimination

    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/638732 via odilon

    7h37 @7h37
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Thèmes liés

  • #muriel_pénicaud
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