Proposed #indicators and indicator domains for the Lancet Countdown on #health and #climate_change
The proposed indicator domains are heterogeneous: some reflect outcomes (greenhouse gas emissions or health), whereas others reflect process indicators with both direct and indirect links to climate change. Additionally, some can be modelled at a global or national level, whereas others reflect location-specific issues and would depend on data collection at sentinel sites.
1: Health impacts of climate hazards
1.1 Exposure to temperature change
1.2 Exposure to heatwaves
1.3 Changes in labour productivity
1.4 Exposure to flood
1.5 Exposure to drought
1.6 Changes in the incidence and geographical range of climate-sensitive infectious diseases across sentinel sites
1.7 Food security and undernutrition
2: Health resilience and adaptation
2.1 Integration of health into national adaptation plans
2.2 Climate services for health
2.3 Adaptation of finance for health
3: Health co-benefits of climate change mitigation
3.1 Coal phase-out
3.2 Growth in renewable energy
3.3 Access to clean energy
3.4 Energy access for health facilities
3.5 Exposure to ambient air pollution
3.6 Deployment of low-emission vehicles and access to public transport
3.7 Active travel infrastructure and uptake
3.8 Greenhouse gas emissions from the food system and healthy diets
3.9 Greenhouse gas emissions of health-care systems
4: Economics and finance
4.1 Change in annual investment in renewable energy
4.2 Change in annual investment in energy efficiency
4.3 Low-carbon technology patent generation and innovation
4.4 Valuing the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation
4.5 Direct and indirect fossil fuel subsidies
4.6 Coverage and strength of carbon pricing
4.7 Equity of the low-carbon transition
5: Political and broader engagement
5.1 Public engagement with health and climate change
5.2 Academic publications on health and climate change
5.3 Inclusion of health and climate change within medical and public health curricula
5.4 Health and climate change in high-level statements of the UNFCCC and UNGA
5.5 Implementation and estimated health benefits of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
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